From 8dacee8f73633131fd68935c1e2493dc4beec837 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Elizabeth Hunt <elizabeth@simponic.xyz>
Date: Sat, 1 Mar 2025 12:36:47 -0700
Subject: updates

---
 src/App.tsx                                |   3 +-
 src/engine/TheAbstractionEngine.ts         |   2 +
 src/engine/components/ComponentNames.ts    |   1 +
 src/engine/components/Control.ts           |   6 +-
 src/engine/components/LambdaTerm.ts        |   2 +
 src/engine/components/Modal.ts             |  10 ++
 src/engine/components/index.ts             |   1 +
 src/engine/config/sounds.ts                |   4 +-
 src/engine/entities/FunctionApplication.ts | 108 ++++++++-----
 src/engine/entities/FunctionBox.ts         |  99 +++++-------
 src/engine/entities/LambdaFactory.ts       | 239 ++++++-----------------------
 src/engine/entities/Sign.ts                |  59 +++++--
 src/engine/systems/Modal.ts                |  93 +++++++++++
 src/engine/systems/SystemNames.ts          |   1 +
 src/engine/systems/index.ts                |   1 +
 src/engine/utils/CodeEditor.ts             | 200 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/engine/utils/Modal.ts                  |  45 ++++++
 src/engine/utils/index.ts                  |   4 +-
 src/engine/utils/modal.ts                  |  41 -----
 src/engine/utils/tryWrap.ts                |   7 +
 src/interpreter/interpreter.ts             |   2 +-
 21 files changed, 572 insertions(+), 356 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/engine/components/Modal.ts
 create mode 100644 src/engine/systems/Modal.ts
 create mode 100644 src/engine/utils/CodeEditor.ts
 create mode 100644 src/engine/utils/Modal.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/engine/utils/modal.ts
 create mode 100644 src/engine/utils/tryWrap.ts

diff --git a/src/App.tsx b/src/App.tsx
index 6bd26b9..b8582de 100644
--- a/src/App.tsx
+++ b/src/App.tsx
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ export const App = () => {
     <div className="main">
       <div id={Miscellaneous.MODAL_ID} className="modal">
         <div id={Miscellaneous.MODAL_CONTENT_ID} className="modal-content">
-          <span className="close">&times;</span>
-          <p>Some text in the Modal..</p>
+          <hr></hr>
         </div>
       </div>
 
diff --git a/src/engine/TheAbstractionEngine.ts b/src/engine/TheAbstractionEngine.ts
index 29bc553..96d078f 100644
--- a/src/engine/TheAbstractionEngine.ts
+++ b/src/engine/TheAbstractionEngine.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   Life,
   Music,
   Level,
+  Modal,
 } from "./systems";
 
 export class TheAbstractionEngine {
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ export class TheAbstractionEngine {
     const facingDirectionSystem = new FacingDirection(inputSystem);
 
     [
+      new Modal(),
       new Level(LevelNames.LevelSelection),
       inputSystem,
       facingDirectionSystem,
diff --git a/src/engine/components/ComponentNames.ts b/src/engine/components/ComponentNames.ts
index dd50fb3..241fe3f 100644
--- a/src/engine/components/ComponentNames.ts
+++ b/src/engine/components/ComponentNames.ts
@@ -12,4 +12,5 @@ export namespace ComponentNames {
   export const Text = "Text";
   export const LambdaTerm = "LambdaTerm";
   export const Life = "Life";
+  export const Modal = "Modal";
 }
diff --git a/src/engine/components/Control.ts b/src/engine/components/Control.ts
index 48983b2..9196e3b 100644
--- a/src/engine/components/Control.ts
+++ b/src/engine/components/Control.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 import { Component, ComponentNames } from ".";
 
 export class Control extends Component {
-  public isControllable: boolean = true;
-
-  constructor(isControllable = true) {
+  constructor(public isControllable = true) {
     super(ComponentNames.Control);
-
-    this.isControllable = isControllable;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/engine/components/LambdaTerm.ts b/src/engine/components/LambdaTerm.ts
index 63e9889..5ac6215 100644
--- a/src/engine/components/LambdaTerm.ts
+++ b/src/engine/components/LambdaTerm.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { Component, ComponentNames } from ".";
+import { DebrujinifiedLambdaTerm } from "../../interpreter";
 
 export class LambdaTerm extends Component {
   public code: string;
+  public last: null | { data?: DebrujinifiedLambdaTerm; error?: any } = null;
 
   constructor(code: string) {
     super(ComponentNames.LambdaTerm);
diff --git a/src/engine/components/Modal.ts b/src/engine/components/Modal.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b4031f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/engine/components/Modal.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { Component, ComponentNames } from ".";
+import { ModalInitState } from "../systems";
+
+export class Modal extends Component {
+  constructor(
+    public initState: ModalInitState
+  ) {
+    super(ComponentNames.Modal);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/engine/components/index.ts b/src/engine/components/index.ts
index 023e73d..d3b2fd0 100644
--- a/src/engine/components/index.ts
+++ b/src/engine/components/index.ts
@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@ export * from "./GridSpawn";
 export * from "./Text";
 export * from "./LambdaTerm";
 export * from "./Life";
+export * from "./Modal";
diff --git a/src/engine/config/sounds.ts b/src/engine/config/sounds.ts
index 5900ef0..46870db 100644
--- a/src/engine/config/sounds.ts
+++ b/src/engine/config/sounds.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export const LambdaTransformSound: SoundSpec = {
   volume: 0.3,
 };
 
-export const LambdaSave: SoundSpec = {
+export const EditorSave: SoundSpec = {
   name: "lambdaSave",
   url: "/assets/sound/lambda_save.wav",
   volume: 0.3,
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export const Music: SoundSpec = {
 export const SOUND_SPECS: SoundSpec[] = [
   MovingSound,
   LambdaTransformSound,
-  LambdaSave,
+  EditorSave,
   Failure,
   ModalOpen,
   ModalClose,
diff --git a/src/engine/entities/FunctionApplication.ts b/src/engine/entities/FunctionApplication.ts
index a266941..f15fcb9 100644
--- a/src/engine/entities/FunctionApplication.ts
+++ b/src/engine/entities/FunctionApplication.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
-import {
-  Entity,
-  EntityNames,
-  FunctionBox,
-  Key,
-  Particles,
-  makeLambdaTermHighlightComponent,
-} from ".";
+import { Entity, EntityNames, FunctionBox, Key, Particles } from ".";
 import {
   BoundingBox,
   Colliding,
   ComponentNames,
   Grid,
+  Highlight,
+  Interactable,
   LambdaTerm,
+  Modal,
   Sprite,
 } from "../components";
 import {
@@ -26,9 +22,9 @@ import {
 import { Coord2D, Direction } from "../interfaces";
 import { Game } from "..";
 import { Grid as GridSystem, SystemNames } from "../systems";
-import { colors } from "../utils";
+import { colors, tryWrap } from "../utils";
 import {
-  DebrujinifiedLambdaTerm,
+  InvalidLambdaTermError,
   SymbolTable,
   emitNamed,
   interpret,
@@ -62,8 +58,8 @@ export class FunctionApplication extends Entity {
           y: 0,
         },
         dimension,
-        0,
-      ),
+        0
+      )
     );
 
     this.addComponent(new Grid(gridPosition));
@@ -76,13 +72,48 @@ export class FunctionApplication extends Entity {
         { x: 0, y: 0 },
         dimension,
         FunctionApplication.spriteSpec.msPerFrame,
-        FunctionApplication.spriteSpec.frames,
-      ),
+        FunctionApplication.spriteSpec.frames
+      )
     );
 
     this.addComponent(new Colliding(this.handleCollision.bind(this)));
 
-    this.addComponent(makeLambdaTermHighlightComponent(this));
+    this.addComponent(
+      new Highlight(this.onHighlight.bind(this), this.onUnhighlight.bind(this))
+    );
+  }
+
+  private onHighlight(_direction: Direction) {
+    this.addComponent(new Interactable(this.interaction.bind(this)));
+  }
+
+  private interaction() {
+    const codeConsumer = (_code: string) => {
+      this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Modal);
+      return { consumed: true };
+    };
+    const { last, code } = this.getComponent<LambdaTerm>(
+      ComponentNames.LambdaTerm
+    );
+    this.addComponent(
+      new Modal({
+        type: "CODE_EDITOR",
+        codeInit: {
+          code,
+          codeConsumer,
+          readonly: true,
+          result: {
+            error: last?.error && `Error: ${last.error.message}`,
+            data: last?.data && `Last Result: ${emitNamed(last.data)}`,
+          },
+        },
+      })
+    );
+  }
+
+  private onUnhighlight() {
+    this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Modal);
+    this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Interactable);
   }
 
   public handleCollision(game: Game, entity: Entity) {
@@ -100,7 +131,7 @@ export class FunctionApplication extends Entity {
     const gridSystem = game.getSystem<GridSystem>(SystemNames.Grid);
     const fail = () => {
       entityGrid.movingDirection = gridSystem.oppositeDirection(
-        entityGrid.previousDirection,
+        entityGrid.previousDirection
       );
       entity.addComponent(entityGrid);
 
@@ -109,18 +140,17 @@ export class FunctionApplication extends Entity {
     };
 
     const applicationTerm = this.getComponent<LambdaTerm>(
-      ComponentNames.LambdaTerm,
+      ComponentNames.LambdaTerm
     );
     const functionTerm = entity.getComponent<LambdaTerm>(
-      ComponentNames.LambdaTerm,
+      ComponentNames.LambdaTerm
     );
     const newCode = applicationTerm.code.replace("_INPUT", functionTerm.code);
 
-    let result: DebrujinifiedLambdaTerm | null = null;
-    try {
-      result = interpret(newCode, this.symbolTable, true);
-    } catch (e) {
-      console.error(e);
+    const result = tryWrap(() => interpret(newCode, this.symbolTable, true));
+    applicationTerm.last = result;
+    if (result.error || !result.data) {
+      console.error(result.error);
       fail();
       return;
     }
@@ -128,29 +158,34 @@ export class FunctionApplication extends Entity {
     const { dimension } = gridSystem;
     const nextPosition = gridSystem.getNewGridPosition(
       grid.gridPosition,
-      entityGrid.previousDirection,
+      entityGrid.previousDirection
     );
 
     let applicationResultingEntity: Entity | null = null; // this should be its own function
-    if ("abstraction" in result) {
-      const code = emitNamed(result);
-
+    const { data } = result;
+    if ("application" in data) {
+      // if we get an application that means we didn't interpret correctly.
+      // this should "not" happen and should be fatal.
+      throw new InvalidLambdaTermError(
+        "produced term should not be an application"
+      );
+    }
+    if ("abstraction" in data) {
+      const code = emitNamed(data);
       applicationResultingEntity = new FunctionBox(grid.gridPosition, code);
-    } else if ("name" in result) {
-      const { name } = result;
+    }
+    if ("name" in data) {
+      const { name } = data;
       const entityFactory = APPLICATION_RESULTS[name];
       if (entityFactory) {
         game.addEntity(entityFactory(nextPosition));
       }
-    } else {
-      fail();
-      return;
     }
 
     game.removeEntity(entity.id);
     if (applicationResultingEntity) {
       const grid = applicationResultingEntity.getComponent<Grid>(
-        ComponentNames.Grid,
+        ComponentNames.Grid
       );
       grid.movingDirection = entityGrid.previousDirection;
       applicationResultingEntity.addComponent(grid);
@@ -158,7 +193,7 @@ export class FunctionApplication extends Entity {
       game.addEntity(applicationResultingEntity);
     }
 
-    this.playTransformSound();
+    SOUNDS.get(LambdaTransformSound.name)!.play();
     const particles = new Particles({
       center: gridSystem.gridToScreenPosition(nextPosition),
       spawnerDimensions: {
@@ -183,9 +218,4 @@ export class FunctionApplication extends Entity {
     });
     game.addEntity(particles);
   }
-
-  private playTransformSound() {
-    const audio = SOUNDS.get(LambdaTransformSound.name)!;
-    audio.play();
-  }
 }
diff --git a/src/engine/entities/FunctionBox.ts b/src/engine/entities/FunctionBox.ts
index 4878c98..9cba029 100644
--- a/src/engine/entities/FunctionBox.ts
+++ b/src/engine/entities/FunctionBox.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-import {
-  IMAGES,
-  Miscellaneous,
-  ModalClose,
-  ModalOpen,
-  SOUNDS,
-  SPRITE_SPECS,
-  SpriteSpec,
-  Sprites,
-} from "../config";
+import { IMAGES, SPRITE_SPECS, SpriteSpec, Sprites } from "../config";
 import { Entity, EntityNames } from ".";
 import {
   BoundingBox,
@@ -16,18 +7,21 @@ import {
   Highlight,
   Interactable,
   LambdaTerm,
+  Modal,
   Pushable,
   Sprite,
 } from "../components";
 import { Coord2D } from "../interfaces";
-import { openModal, closeModal } from "../utils";
 
 export class FunctionBox extends Entity {
   private static spriteSpec: SpriteSpec = SPRITE_SPECS.get(
-    Sprites.FUNCTION_BOX,
+    Sprites.FUNCTION_BOX
   ) as SpriteSpec;
 
-  constructor(gridPosition: Coord2D, code: string) {
+  constructor(
+    gridPosition: Coord2D,
+    private readonly code: string
+  ) {
     super(EntityNames.FunctionBox);
 
     this.addComponent(
@@ -40,8 +34,8 @@ export class FunctionBox extends Entity {
           width: FunctionBox.spriteSpec.width,
           height: FunctionBox.spriteSpec.height,
         },
-        0,
-      ),
+        0
+      )
     );
 
     this.addComponent(new Pushable());
@@ -57,56 +51,43 @@ export class FunctionBox extends Entity {
           height: FunctionBox.spriteSpec.height,
         },
         FunctionBox.spriteSpec.msPerFrame,
-        FunctionBox.spriteSpec.frames,
-      ),
+        FunctionBox.spriteSpec.frames
+      )
     );
 
     this.addComponent(new LambdaTerm(code));
 
-    this.addComponent(makeLambdaTermHighlightComponent(this));
+    this.addComponent(
+      new Highlight(this.onHighlight.bind(this), this.onUnhighlight.bind(this))
+    );
   }
-}
-
-export const makeLambdaTermHighlightComponent = (
-  entity: Entity,
-  text?: string,
-) => {
-  const onUnhighlight = () => {
-    closeModal();
-    entity.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Interactable);
-  };
-
-  const onHighlight = () => {
-    let modalOpen = false;
-    const doModalClose = () => {
-      SOUNDS.get(ModalClose.name)!.play();
-      modalOpen = false;
-      closeModal();
-    };
-
-    const interaction = () => {
-      if (modalOpen) {
-        doModalClose();
-        return;
-      }
 
-      const code =
-        text ??
-        entity.getComponent<LambdaTerm>(ComponentNames.LambdaTerm)!.code;
-      openModal(
-        `<div style="text-align:center"><p>${code}</p> <br> <button id="close">Close</button></div>`,
-      );
-      modalOpen = true;
-      SOUNDS.get(ModalOpen.name)!.play();
-
-      document.getElementById("close")!.addEventListener("click", () => {
-        doModalClose();
-        document.getElementById(Miscellaneous.CANVAS_ID)!.focus();
-      });
+  private interaction() {
+    const codeConsumer = (_code: string) => {
+      this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Modal);
+      return { consumed: true };
     };
+    const { last } = this.getComponent<LambdaTerm>(ComponentNames.LambdaTerm);
+    this.addComponent(
+      new Modal({
+        type: "CODE_EDITOR",
+        codeInit: {
+          code: this.code,
+          codeConsumer,
+          readonly: true,
+          result: {
+            error: last?.error && `Error: ${last.error.message}`,
+          },
+        },
+      })
+    );
+  }
 
-    entity.addComponent(new Interactable(interaction));
-  };
+  public onHighlight() {
+    this.addComponent(new Interactable(this.interaction.bind(this)));
+  }
 
-  return new Highlight(onHighlight, onUnhighlight);
-};
+  public onUnhighlight() {
+    this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Interactable);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/engine/entities/LambdaFactory.ts b/src/engine/entities/LambdaFactory.ts
index 770c096..61a3b0a 100644
--- a/src/engine/entities/LambdaFactory.ts
+++ b/src/engine/entities/LambdaFactory.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 import {
   Failure,
   IMAGES,
-  LambdaSave,
   LambdaTransformSound,
-  Miscellaneous,
-  ModalOpen,
   SOUNDS,
   SPRITE_SPECS,
   SpriteSpec,
@@ -19,66 +16,19 @@ import {
   GridSpawn,
   Highlight,
   Interactable,
+  Modal,
   Sprite,
   Text,
 } from "../components";
 import { Coord2D, Direction } from "../interfaces";
-import { openModal, closeModal } from "../utils";
-import {
-  EditorState,
-  StateField,
-  StateEffect,
-  Range,
-  Extension,
-} from "@codemirror/state";
-import { Decoration, EditorView, keymap } from "@codemirror/view";
-import { defaultKeymap } from "@codemirror/commands";
-import rainbowBrackets from "rainbowbrackets";
-import { basicSetup } from "codemirror";
+import { tryWrap } from "../utils";
 import { parse } from "../../interpreter";
 
-interface CodeEditorState {
-  view: EditorView;
-  editorElement: HTMLElement;
-  syntaxError: HTMLElement;
-  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
-  closeButton: HTMLButtonElement;
-}
-
-const highlightEffect = StateEffect.define<Range<Decoration>[]>();
-const highlightExtension = StateField.define({
-  create() {
-    return Decoration.none;
-  },
-  update(value, transaction) {
-    value = value.map(transaction.changes);
-
-    for (let effect of transaction.effects) {
-      if (effect.is(highlightEffect))
-        value = value.update({ add: effect.value, sort: true });
-    }
-
-    return value;
-  },
-  provide: (f) => EditorView.decorations.from(f),
-});
-
-const FontSizeTheme = EditorView.theme({
-  $: {
-    fontSize: "16pt",
-  },
-});
-const FontSizeThemeExtension: Extension = [FontSizeTheme];
-const syntaxErrorDecoration = Decoration.mark({
-  class: "syntax-error",
-});
-
 export class LambdaFactory extends Entity {
   private static spriteSpec: SpriteSpec = SPRITE_SPECS.get(
-    Sprites.LAMBDA_FACTORY,
+    Sprites.LAMBDA_FACTORY
   ) as SpriteSpec;
 
-  private codeEditorState: CodeEditorState | null;
   private spawns: number;
   private code: string;
 
@@ -87,7 +37,6 @@ export class LambdaFactory extends Entity {
 
     this.spawns = spawns;
     this.code = code;
-    this.codeEditorState = null;
 
     this.addComponent(
       new BoundingBox(
@@ -99,8 +48,8 @@ export class LambdaFactory extends Entity {
           width: LambdaFactory.spriteSpec.width,
           height: LambdaFactory.spriteSpec.height,
         },
-        0,
-      ),
+        0
+      )
     );
 
     this.addComponent(new Text(spawns.toString()));
@@ -110,8 +59,8 @@ export class LambdaFactory extends Entity {
     this.addComponent(
       new GridSpawn(
         this.spawns,
-        () => new FunctionBox({ x: 0, y: 0 }, this.code),
-      ),
+        () => new FunctionBox({ x: 0, y: 0 }, this.code)
+      )
     );
 
     this.addComponent(new Grid(gridPosition));
@@ -125,166 +74,68 @@ export class LambdaFactory extends Entity {
           height: LambdaFactory.spriteSpec.height,
         },
         LambdaFactory.spriteSpec.msPerFrame,
-        LambdaFactory.spriteSpec.frames,
-      ),
+        LambdaFactory.spriteSpec.frames
+      )
     );
 
     this.addComponent(
-      new Highlight(
-        (direction) => this.onHighlight(direction),
-        () => this.onUnhighlight(),
-      ),
+      new Highlight(this.onHighlight.bind(this), this.onUnhighlight.bind(this))
     );
   }
 
-  private onUnhighlight() {
-    closeModal();
-    this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Interactable);
-  }
-
-  private spawnNewLambda(direction: Direction) {
-    try {
-      parse(this.code);
-    } catch (e: any) {
-      SOUNDS.get(Failure.name)!.play();
-      return;
+  private codeConsumer(code: string) {
+    const parsed = tryWrap(() => parse(code));
+    if (parsed.error) {
+      return { error: parsed.error };
     }
-
-    const spawner = this.getComponent<GridSpawn>(ComponentNames.GridSpawn);
-    spawner.spawnEntity(direction);
-
-    const textComponent = this.getComponent<Text>(ComponentNames.Text);
-    textComponent.text = spawner.spawnsLeft.toString();
-    this.addComponent(textComponent);
-
-    SOUNDS.get(LambdaTransformSound.name)!.play();
-  }
-
-  private openCodeEditor() {
-    const modalContent =
-      "<div class='code'><div id='code'></div><br><p id='syntax-error' class='error'></p><button id='close-modal'>Save</button></div>";
-    openModal(modalContent);
-
-    const startState = EditorState.create({
-      doc: this.code,
-      extensions: [
-        basicSetup,
-        keymap.of(defaultKeymap),
-        rainbowBrackets(),
-        highlightExtension,
-        FontSizeThemeExtension,
-      ],
-    });
-
-    const codeBox = document.getElementById("code")!;
-    const syntaxError = document.getElementById("syntax-error")!;
-    const canvas = document.getElementById(
-      Miscellaneous.CANVAS_ID,
-    ) as HTMLCanvasElement;
-    const closeButton = document.getElementById(
-      "close-modal",
-    ) as HTMLButtonElement;
-    closeButton.addEventListener("click", () => this.saveAndCloseCodeEditor());
-
-    const editorView = new EditorView({
-      state: startState,
-      parent: codeBox,
-    });
-    editorView.focus();
-
-    this.codeEditorState = {
-      view: editorView,
-      editorElement: codeBox,
-      syntaxError,
-      canvas,
-      closeButton,
-    };
-
-    SOUNDS.get(ModalOpen.name)!.play();
+    this.code = code;
+    this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Modal);
+    return { consumed: true };
   }
 
-  private refreshCodeEditorText(text: string) {
-    if (!this.codeEditorState) {
+  private onHighlight(direction: Direction) {
+    if (direction === Direction.LEFT || direction === Direction.RIGHT) {
+      this.addComponent(new Interactable(() => this.spawnNewLambda(direction)));
       return;
     }
-    const { view } = this.codeEditorState;
 
-    view.dispatch({
-      changes: {
-        from: 0,
-        to: text.length,
-        insert: "",
-      },
-    });
-    view.dispatch({
-      changes: {
-        from: 0,
-        to: 0,
-        insert: text,
-      },
-    });
+    this.addComponent(new Interactable(this.interaction.bind(this)));
   }
 
-  private saveAndCloseCodeEditor() {
-    if (!this.codeEditorState) {
+  private interaction() {
+    if (this.hasComponent(ComponentNames.Modal)) {
       return;
     }
-
-    const { canvas, view, editorElement, syntaxError } = this.codeEditorState;
-    const text = view.state.doc.toString();
-    this.refreshCodeEditorText(text);
-    syntaxError.innerText = "";
-
-    try {
-      parse(text);
-    } catch (e: any) {
-      if (!e.location) {
-        return;
-      }
-      const {
-        location: {
-          start: { offset: start },
-          end: { offset: end },
+    this.addComponent(
+      new Modal({
+        type: "CODE_EDITOR",
+        codeInit: {
+          code: this.code,
+          codeConsumer: this.codeConsumer.bind(this),
         },
-      } = e;
-
-      view.dispatch({
-        effects: highlightEffect.of([
-          syntaxErrorDecoration.range(start === end ? start - 1 : start, end),
-        ]),
-      });
-
-      syntaxError.innerText = e.message;
-      SOUNDS.get(Failure.name)!.play();
-      return;
-    }
-
-    this.code = text;
-
-    view.destroy();
-    editorElement.innerHTML = "";
-    this.codeEditorState = null;
-    closeModal();
+      })
+    );
+  }
 
-    canvas.focus();
-    SOUNDS.get(LambdaSave.name)!.play();
+  private onUnhighlight() {
+    this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Modal);
+    this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Interactable);
   }
 
-  private onHighlight(direction: Direction) {
-    if (direction === Direction.LEFT || direction === Direction.RIGHT) {
-      this.addComponent(new Interactable(() => this.spawnNewLambda(direction)));
+  private spawnNewLambda(direction: Direction) {
+    const parsed = tryWrap(() => parse(this.code));
+    if (parsed.error) {
+      SOUNDS.get(Failure.name)!.play();
       return;
     }
 
-    const interaction = () => {
-      if (this.codeEditorState) {
-        this.saveAndCloseCodeEditor();
-        return;
-      }
+    const spawner = this.getComponent<GridSpawn>(ComponentNames.GridSpawn);
+    spawner.spawnEntity(direction);
 
-      this.openCodeEditor();
-    };
+    const textComponent = this.getComponent<Text>(ComponentNames.Text);
+    textComponent.text = spawner.spawnsLeft.toString();
+    this.addComponent(textComponent);
 
-    this.addComponent(new Interactable(interaction));
+    SOUNDS.get(LambdaTransformSound.name)!.play();
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/engine/entities/Sign.ts b/src/engine/entities/Sign.ts
index 45f2986..c85ad40 100644
--- a/src/engine/entities/Sign.ts
+++ b/src/engine/entities/Sign.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,27 @@
-import { Entity, EntityNames, makeLambdaTermHighlightComponent } from ".";
-import { BoundingBox, Colliding, Grid, Sprite } from "../components";
+import { Entity, EntityNames } from ".";
+import {
+  BoundingBox,
+  Colliding,
+  ComponentNames,
+  Grid,
+  Highlight,
+  Interactable,
+  Modal,
+  Sprite,
+} from "../components";
 import { IMAGES, SPRITE_SPECS, SpriteSpec, Sprites } from "../config";
 import { Coord2D } from "../interfaces";
 
 export class Sign extends Entity {
   private static spriteSpec: SpriteSpec = SPRITE_SPECS.get(
-    Sprites.SIGN,
+    Sprites.SIGN
   ) as SpriteSpec;
 
-  private text: string;
-
-  constructor(text: string, gridPosition: Coord2D) {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly text: string,
+    gridPosition: Coord2D
+  ) {
     super(EntityNames.Sign);
-    this.text = text;
 
     const dimension = {
       width: Sign.spriteSpec.width,
@@ -25,8 +34,8 @@ export class Sign extends Entity {
         { x: 0, y: 0 },
         dimension,
         Sign.spriteSpec.msPerFrame,
-        Sign.spriteSpec.frames,
-      ),
+        Sign.spriteSpec.frames
+      )
     );
 
     this.addComponent(
@@ -36,14 +45,40 @@ export class Sign extends Entity {
           y: 0,
         },
         dimension,
-        0,
-      ),
+        0
+      )
     );
 
     this.addComponent(new Grid(gridPosition));
 
     this.addComponent(new Colliding());
 
-    this.addComponent(makeLambdaTermHighlightComponent(this, this.text));
+    this.addComponent(
+      new Highlight(this.onHighlight.bind(this), this.onUnhighlight.bind(this))
+    );
+  }
+
+  private onHighlight() {
+    this.addComponent(new Interactable(this.interaction.bind(this)));
+  }
+
+  private onUnhighlight() {
+    this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Modal);
+    this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Interactable);
+  }
+
+  private interaction() {
+    if (this.hasComponent(ComponentNames.Modal)) {
+      this.removeComponent(ComponentNames.Modal);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.addComponent(
+      new Modal({
+        type: "CONTENT",
+        contentInit: {
+          content: `<p>${this.text}</p>`,
+        },
+      })
+    );
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/engine/systems/Modal.ts b/src/engine/systems/Modal.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7643a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/engine/systems/Modal.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { Game } from "..";
+import { System, SystemNames } from ".";
+import { Miscellaneous, ModalClose, ModalOpen, SOUNDS } from "../config";
+import { ComponentNames, Modal as ModalComponent } from "../components";
+import { Entity } from "../entities";
+import {
+  CodeConsumer,
+  CodeEditorInstance,
+  CodeEditorSingleton,
+  ModalInstance,
+  ModalSingleton,
+} from "../utils";
+
+export interface ModalInitState {
+  type: "CONTENT" | "CODE_EDITOR";
+  contentInit?: {
+    content: string;
+  };
+  codeInit?: {
+    code: string;
+    codeConsumer: CodeConsumer;
+    readonly?: boolean;
+    result?: { data?: string; error?: string };
+  };
+}
+
+export class Modal extends System {
+  private openingEntity: null | Entity = null;
+  private modalInstance: ModalInstance = ModalSingleton;
+  private codeEditorInstance: CodeEditorInstance = CodeEditorSingleton;
+
+  constructor() {
+    super(SystemNames.Modal);
+  }
+
+  public update(_dt: number, game: Game) {
+    if (this.openingEntity) {
+      if (this.openingEntity.hasComponent(ComponentNames.Modal)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this.closeCallback();
+    }
+
+    game.forEachEntityWithComponent(ComponentNames.Modal, (entity) => {
+      const modalComponent = entity.getComponent<ModalComponent>(
+        ComponentNames.Modal
+      );
+      if (this.openingEntity) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this.openingEntity = entity;
+      SOUNDS.get(ModalOpen.name)!.play();
+
+      if (modalComponent.initState.type === "CONTENT") {
+        const content = `
+          <div style="text-align:center"> 
+            <div>${modalComponent.initState.contentInit!.content}</div>
+            <br> 
+            <button id="close">Close</button>
+          </div>`;
+        this.modalInstance.open(content);
+        document
+          .getElementById("close")
+          ?.addEventListener("click", this.closeCallback.bind(this));
+      }
+
+      if (modalComponent.initState.type === "CODE_EDITOR") {
+        this.codeEditorInstance.open(
+          modalComponent.initState.codeInit!.code,
+          (code) => {
+            const result =
+              modalComponent.initState.codeInit!.codeConsumer(code);
+            if (result.consumed) {
+              this.closeCallback();
+            }
+            return result;
+          },
+          !!modalComponent.initState.codeInit!.readonly,
+          modalComponent.initState.codeInit!.result,
+        );
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  private closeCallback() {
+    this.openingEntity = null;
+    this.modalInstance.vanish();
+    this.codeEditorInstance.close();
+    document.getElementById(Miscellaneous.CANVAS_ID)!.focus();
+    SOUNDS.get(ModalClose.name)!.play();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/engine/systems/SystemNames.ts b/src/engine/systems/SystemNames.ts
index 63f83a4..430ee48 100644
--- a/src/engine/systems/SystemNames.ts
+++ b/src/engine/systems/SystemNames.ts
@@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ export namespace SystemNames {
   export const Life = "Life";
   export const Music = "Music";
   export const Level = "Level";
+  export const Modal = "Modal";
 }
diff --git a/src/engine/systems/index.ts b/src/engine/systems/index.ts
index 29dbc7e..75b548d 100644
--- a/src/engine/systems/index.ts
+++ b/src/engine/systems/index.ts
@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ export * from "./Collision";
 export * from "./Life";
 export * from "./Music";
 export * from "./Level";
+export * from "./Modal";
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/engine/utils/CodeEditor.ts b/src/engine/utils/CodeEditor.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e13d1d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/engine/utils/CodeEditor.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+import {
+  EditorState,
+  StateField,
+  StateEffect,
+  Range,
+  Extension,
+} from "@codemirror/state";
+import { Decoration, EditorView, keymap } from "@codemirror/view";
+import { defaultKeymap } from "@codemirror/commands";
+import rainbowBrackets from "rainbowbrackets";
+import { basicSetup } from "codemirror";
+import { ModalInstance, ModalSingleton } from ".";
+import { EditorSave, Failure, ModalOpen, SOUNDS } from "../config";
+
+export interface CodeEditorError extends Error {
+  location: {
+    start: { offset: number };
+    end: { offset: number };
+  };
+}
+
+export type CodeConsumer = (code: string) => {
+  consumed?: boolean;
+  error?: CodeEditorError;
+};
+
+interface CodeEditorState {
+  view: EditorView;
+  editorElement: HTMLElement;
+  errorElement: HTMLElement;
+  resultElement: HTMLElement;
+  closeButton: HTMLButtonElement;
+  codeConsumer: CodeConsumer;
+}
+
+export class CodeEditorInstance {
+  constructor(
+    private modalInstance: ModalInstance = ModalSingleton,
+    private codeEditorState: CodeEditorState | null = null
+  ) {}
+
+  public close() {
+    if (!this.codeEditorState) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.codeEditorState.view.destroy();
+    this.codeEditorState = null;
+
+    SOUNDS.get(EditorSave.name)!.play();
+  }
+
+  public open(
+    initCode: string,
+    codeConsumer: CodeEditorState["codeConsumer"],
+    readonly: boolean = false,
+    initResult: { data?: string; error?: string } = {},
+  ) {
+    if (this.codeEditorState) {
+      throw new Error("code editor instance is already owned.");
+    }
+    const modalContent = `
+      <div class='code'>
+        <div id='code'></div>
+        <br>
+        <p id='error' class='error'></p>
+        <p id='result' class='result'></p>
+        <button id='close-modal'>Done</button>
+      </div>
+    `;
+    this.modalInstance.open(modalContent);
+
+    const startState = EditorState.create({
+      doc: initCode,
+      extensions: [
+        basicSetup,
+        keymap.of(defaultKeymap),
+        rainbowBrackets(),
+        highlightExtension,
+        FontSizeThemeExtension,
+        EditorState.readOnly.of(readonly),
+      ],
+    });
+
+    const codeBox = document.getElementById("code")!;
+    const errorElement = document.getElementById("error")!;
+    const resultElement = document.getElementById("result")!;
+
+    const closeButton = document.getElementById(
+      "close-modal"
+    ) as HTMLButtonElement;
+    closeButton.addEventListener("click", () => this.onSave());
+
+    const editorView = new EditorView({
+      state: startState,
+      parent: codeBox,
+    });
+    editorView.focus();
+
+    this.codeEditorState = {
+      view: editorView,
+      editorElement: codeBox,
+      errorElement,
+      resultElement,
+      closeButton,
+      codeConsumer,
+    };
+    this.setResult(initResult);
+  }
+
+  private refreshCodeEditorText(text: string) {
+    if (!this.codeEditorState) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const { view } = this.codeEditorState;
+
+    view.dispatch({
+      changes: {
+        from: 0,
+        to: text.length,
+        insert: "",
+      },
+    });
+    view.dispatch({
+      changes: {
+        from: 0,
+        to: 0,
+        insert: text,
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  private onSave() {
+    if (!this.codeEditorState) {
+      throw new Error();
+    }
+
+    const { view } = this.codeEditorState;
+    const code = view.state.doc.toString();
+    this.refreshCodeEditorText(code);
+
+    const valid = this.codeEditorState.codeConsumer(code);
+    if (!valid.error) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const {
+      location: {
+        start: { offset: start },
+        end: { offset: end },
+      },
+      message,
+    } = valid.error;
+
+    view.dispatch({
+      effects: highlightEffect.of([
+        syntaxErrorDecoration.range(start === end ? start - 1 : start, end),
+      ]),
+    });
+
+    this.setResult({ error: message });
+    SOUNDS.get(Failure.name)!.play();
+  }
+
+  private setResult(result: { data?: string; error?: string }) {
+    if (!this.codeEditorState) return;
+    this.codeEditorState.resultElement.innerText = result.data ?? "";
+    this.codeEditorState.errorElement.innerText = result.error ?? "";
+  }
+}
+
+const highlightEffect = StateEffect.define<Range<Decoration>[]>();
+const highlightExtension = StateField.define({
+  create() {
+    return Decoration.none;
+  },
+  update(value, transaction) {
+    value = value.map(transaction.changes);
+
+    for (let effect of transaction.effects) {
+      if (effect.is(highlightEffect))
+        value = value.update({ add: effect.value, sort: true });
+    }
+
+    return value;
+  },
+  provide: (f) => EditorView.decorations.from(f),
+});
+
+const FontSizeTheme = EditorView.theme({
+  $: {
+    fontSize: "14pt",
+  },
+});
+const FontSizeThemeExtension: Extension = [FontSizeTheme];
+const syntaxErrorDecoration = Decoration.mark({
+  class: "syntax-error",
+});
+
+export const CodeEditorSingleton = new CodeEditorInstance();
diff --git a/src/engine/utils/Modal.ts b/src/engine/utils/Modal.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d46cade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/engine/utils/Modal.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { Miscellaneous } from "../config";
+
+export class ModalInstance {
+  private modalOpen: boolean = false;
+  private elementId: string = Miscellaneous.MODAL_ID;
+  private contentId: string = Miscellaneous.MODAL_CONTENT_ID;
+
+  public open(content: string) {
+    const modal = document.getElementById(this.elementId);
+    const modalContent = document.getElementById(this.contentId);
+    if (!modal || this.modalOpen) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.modalOpen = true;
+    modal.style.display = "flex";
+    modal.style.animation = "fadeIn 0.25s";
+
+    modalContent!.innerHTML = content;
+    modalContent!.style.animation = "scaleUp 0.25s";
+  }
+
+  public vanish(): Promise<void> {
+    const modal = document.getElementById(this.elementId);
+    const modalContent = document.getElementById(this.contentId);
+    return new Promise((res, _rej) => {
+      if (!(modal && this.modalOpen && modalContent)) {
+        res();
+        return;
+      }
+      modal.style.animation = "fadeOut 0.25s";
+      modalContent.style.animation = "scaleDown 0.25s";
+
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        modalContent.innerHTML = "";
+        modal.style.display = "none";
+
+        this.modalOpen = false;
+        res();
+      }, 200);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+export const ModalSingleton = new ModalInstance();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/engine/utils/index.ts b/src/engine/utils/index.ts
index 48b94b8..ffeef7a 100644
--- a/src/engine/utils/index.ts
+++ b/src/engine/utils/index.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 export * from "./clamp";
 export * from "./dotProduct";
 export * from "./rotateVector";
-export * from "./modal";
 export * from "./colors";
 export * from "./random";
+export * from './tryWrap';
+export * from "./Modal";
+export * from "./CodeEditor";
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/engine/utils/modal.ts b/src/engine/utils/modal.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index a378821..0000000
--- a/src/engine/utils/modal.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-import { Miscellaneous } from "../config";
-
-let modalOpen = false;
-
-export const openModal = (
-  content: string,
-  id = Miscellaneous.MODAL_ID,
-  contentId = Miscellaneous.MODAL_CONTENT_ID,
-) => {
-  const modal = document.getElementById(id);
-  const modalContent = document.getElementById(contentId);
-  if (modal && !modalOpen && modalContent) {
-    modal.style.display = "flex";
-    modal.style.animation = "fadeIn 0.25s";
-
-    modalContent.innerHTML = content;
-    modalContent.style.animation = "scaleUp 0.25s";
-
-    modalOpen = true;
-  }
-};
-
-export const closeModal = (
-  id = Miscellaneous.MODAL_ID,
-  contentId = Miscellaneous.MODAL_CONTENT_ID,
-) => {
-  const modal = document.getElementById(id);
-  const modalContent = document.getElementById(contentId);
-
-  if (modal && modalOpen && modalContent) {
-    modal.style.animation = "fadeOut 0.25s";
-    modalContent.style.animation = "scaleDown 0.25s";
-
-    setTimeout(() => {
-      modalContent.innerHTML = "";
-      modal.style.display = "none";
-
-      modalOpen = false;
-    }, 200);
-  }
-};
diff --git a/src/engine/utils/tryWrap.ts b/src/engine/utils/tryWrap.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12e23ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/engine/utils/tryWrap.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export const tryWrap = <T>(supplier: () => T): { data?: T; error?: any } => {
+  try {
+    return { data: supplier() };
+  } catch (error) {
+    return { error: error as any };
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/interpreter/interpreter.ts b/src/interpreter/interpreter.ts
index e90b8ce..65a848f 100644
--- a/src/interpreter/interpreter.ts
+++ b/src/interpreter/interpreter.ts
@@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ export const emitNamed = (term: DebrujinifiedLambdaTerm): string => {
 export const interpret = (
   term: string,
   symbolTable = new SymbolTable(),
+  allowUnderscores = false, // in our world, underscores should be internal to the game.
   maxDepth = 15,
-  allowUnderscores = false
 ): DebrujinifiedLambdaTerm => {
   const ast = parse(term, allowUnderscores);
   const debrujined = debrujinify(ast, symbolTable);
-- 
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